Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Mannich Bases of (2- Substituted Phenyl) Benzimidazole Derivatives

 

Govindarao Kamala¹*, N. Srinivasan², K. Ravi Shankar³, R. Suresh⁴

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem

²Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu

³Department of Pharmacology, Aditya College of Pharmacy, Surampalem

⁴Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu

 

ABSTRACT:

The present study deals with synthesis of N-Mannich bases of (2- Substituted Phenyl) Benzimidazole derivatives and their spectral characterization by means of UV, IR and 1H NMR. Anti-bacterial activity and antifungal activity were carried out by cup-plate method using Bacillus Subtilis, Protease, Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aeruginosa organisms for antibacterial activity, and Aspergillus Niger fungal organism for antifungal activity. The potency of the synthesized compounds was determined against standard drugs Ciprofloxacin Clotrimazole by measuring the zone of inhibition. The resulted synthesized compounds (H11 to H20) were screened for antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. The synthesized compounds were found to possess moderate to weak activity although several 2-phenyl benzimidazole derivatives (Compounds H11, H13, H17, H18 and H20) were reported for good antibacterial, antifungal activity. The compound H11, H13 and H20 were active against all organisms. Reaming compounds show moderate activity. Whereas the compounds H11, H13, H17 and H18 were active against Aspergillus Niger rest of the compounds showed only weak activity when compared to the standard Ciprofloxacin, Clotrimazole.

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

The benzimidzole contains a phenyl ring fused to an imidazole ring; the important group of substances has found practical application in a number of fields. Recently in benzimidazole, chemistry has been revived somewhat by the discovery that the 5, 6-dimethyl benzimidazole moiety is a part of the chemical structure of vitamin B₁₂^(1-2). Benzimidazole derivatives are of wide interest because of their diverse biological activity and clinical applications, and are remarkably effective compounds both with respect to their inhibitory activity and their favorable selectivity ratio. These derivatives are found to exhibit various biological activites such as anticancer^(3-4), anthelmenthic⁵, antiprotozoal⁶, antimicrobial^(7-12), anti-inflammatory^(13-18), analgesic^(19-20), antiviral^(21-22), anti ulcer acitivity²³.

 

The present study utilizes the coupling phenomenon of o-phenylenediamine with substituted aromatic acids in presence of ring closing agents like glacial acetic acid to form 2-substituted phenyl benzimidazoles and then 2 hrs refluxed with di-phenyl amine in formaldehyde and followed by antibacterial and anti fungal screening by Cup-Plate method^(24-26).

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

All the reagents used for synthesis were of analytical grade commercial products and used without further purification. The melting points of the synthesized compounds were determined using an electric melting point apparatus by open capillary method. (Expressed in degree Celsius) and are uncorrected. The progress of reactions and purity of synthesized compounds were checked on silica gel-G TLC plates using various solvent combinations of different polarity. The spots were detected with iodine vapors as visualizing agent. The λmax (in nm) of the synthesized compounds was recorded on Elico SL 164 UV-visible spectrophotometer using alcohol as solvent. The FT-IR spectra of the synthesized compounds were recorded on a FT-IR Perkin Elmer Spectrum RX-I spectrometer using KBr disc in the range of 4000-400 cm−1. The Proton NMR (1H NMR) spectra were recorded in Bruker AC-F 400 FT-NMR spectrometer at a frequency of 400 MHz. Spectra were obtained in deuterated acetone (acetone-d6) using TMS (δ 0.00 ppm) as an internal standard at room temperature. Chemical shift (δ) values are expressed in ppm relative to internal standard.

 

 

Synthetic Scheme:

 

Fig.1: Synthetic Scheme for N-Mannich bases of (2- Substituted Phenyl) benzimidazole

 

 

Table.1: Different aromatic acids used in substitution reaction to get target molecules

ompound Code	H-1	H-2	H-3	H-4	H-5	H-6	H-7	H-8	H-9	H-10
R	H	2-OH	2-Cl	4-CH3	4-OH	4-Cl	4-NO2	2-benzyl	2-NH2	4-NH2

 

General method for Synthesis of N-Mannich bases of (2- Substituted Phenyl) benzimidazole derivatives:

Procedure for the preparation of 2- (substituted-phenyl) benzimidazole (Step I): A solution of benzoic acid (0.01mol) and 1,2- phenylenediamine (0.01mol) in 20ml of glacial acetic acid was stirred in 15 min with heating at 150⁰c the precipitate is obtained after addition of  10%NaOH in ice bath. Then the product is filtered, dried in hot air oven and recrystallized from ethanol. The compounds were identified by TLC (n-Hexane: Etheyl acetate1:1) Melting point.

 

Procedure for the Preparation of Compounds of N-Mannich Bases of 2-(Subtituted Phenyl) Benzimidazole (Step II): To a solution of 2-subtituted phenyl benzimidazole (0.005mol) in10 ml of ethanol.0.005mol of diphenylamine and 0.005 mol of formaldehyde were added and stirring for 3hour with heating. Then, the reaction mixture was refluxed for another 2 hour with 70-80 temperature. On cooling, the product formed was filtered, dried in vacuum and recrystallized from DMSO. The compounds were purified by TLC (n-Hexane: Ethyl acetate1:1), Melting point.

 

Antibacterial Evaluation:

The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated systematically against Bacillus subtilis, Protease, Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aeruginosa, which are the representative types of gram positive and gram-negative organisms respectively. The inhibition zones (in mm) of synthesized compounds were determined by cup-plate method. The sterilized medium (autoclaved at 121°C for 20min) was inoculated using 18 hr slant cultures of the test organisms and transferred into sterile Petri dishes and allowed to the media to solidify. Cups of 8mm diameters were made on solidified media. Solutions of the synthesized compounds at a concentration of 50μg/ml and 100μg/ml were prepared in DMSO. 50μl of each solution was placed in cups by means of sterile pipette. In each plate one cup was used for standard and other two for test solutions. The plates thus prepared were left for 90 min in a refrigerator for diffusion. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs and examined for inhibition zones. The experiment was performed in duplicate and the average diameter of the zones of inhibition was recorded Ciprofloxacin (50μg/ml) was used as standard.

 

Antifungal Evaluation:

The anti-fungal activity of all compounds was determined on potato dextrose agar medium against Aspergillus niger.  Clotrimazole 100 μg/ml was used as a standard and DMSO was used as control. The sterile molten potato dextrose medium was cooled to 45^oC and inoculated with test organisms and mixed the contents thoroughly and poured into the sterile petri dishes under aseptic conditions. All the inoculated Petri dishes were incubated at 28^oC for 4 days and the extent diameter of inhibition was measured as the zone of inhibition in millimeters. Solutions of the synthesized compounds at a concentration of 50μg/ml and 100μg/ml were prepared in DMF. Clotrimazole was used as standard anti-fungal for comparison and solution were prepared by using sterile water, so that the concentration of the solution was 100 μg/ml.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSON:

Table No. 1: Physical Characterization data of synthesized compounds of 2-(substituted phenyl) benzimidazole- 1 (H1-H10)

 

 

 

Table No. 2: Physical Characterization data of synthesis of N-Mannich base of 2-(substituted phenyl) benzimidazole- 2 (H11-H20)

S. No	Compound code	R	Molecular formula	Mol. wt (g)	Melting point (0C)	% Yield	Rf values
1	H-1	H	C13H1ON2	194	295	85	0.85
2	H-2	2-OH	C13H10N2O	210	190	57	0.80
3	H-3	2-Cl	C13H9N2Cl	228.5	235	60	0.83
4	H-4	4-CH3	C14H12N2	208	220	58	0.85
5	H-5	4-OH	C13H10N2O	210	164	54	0.82
6	H-6	4-Cl	C13H9N2Cl	228.5	230	59	0.80
7	H-7	4-NO2	C13H9N3O2	342	250	60	0.79
8	H-8	1-CH3	C14H12N2	208	195	60	0.81
9	H-9	2-NH2	C13H11N3	209	211	52	0.65
10	H-10	4-NH2	C13H11N3	209	449	45	0.69

 

 

 

 

S. No	Compound Code	Molecular Formula	Molecular Weight	Melting Point (0c)	% of Yield	Rf Values
1	H11	C26H21N3	375	180	60	0.95
2	H12	C26H21N3O	391	150	55	0.92
3	H13	C26H20N3Cl	411.5	230	75	0.90
4	H14	C27H23N3	389	175	54	0.89
5	H15	C26H21N3O	391	120	57	0.93
6	H16	C26H20N3Cl	411.5	232	51	0.90
7	H17	C26H20N5O	418	242	60	0.91
8	H18	C27H23N3	389	180	58	0.92
9	H19	C26H22N4	362	130	45	0.89
10	H20	C26H22N4	362	122	52	0.90

 

 

Spectral data of Synthesized Compounds (Compounds H1-H10 and H11-H20):

Compound H1:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 12.9 Singlet (1H), 7.09-8.1 Multiplet (9H)

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3230 (N-H Streching), 2989 (Ar-CH Stretching), 1675 (C=C Streching), 1459 (C=N Streching)

 

Compound H2:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 4.59 Singlet (1H), 6.92-8.06 Multiplet (8H), 13.1 Singlet (1H)

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3178 (NH stretching), 3048 (Ar-H Stretching), 2986 (C=N Stretching), 1602 (C-N Stretching)

 

Compound H3:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 12.1 Singlet (1H), 7.03-7.70 Multiplet (8H)

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3421 (NH stretching), 3056 (Ar-H Stretching), 1602 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 750 (C-Cl stretching).

 

Compound H4:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 2.4 singlet (3H),5.2 singlet (1H),7.27 triplet (2H), 7.70 doublet (2H),7.30 doublet (1H), 7.12 doublet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3431 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1602 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (CH stretching).

 

Compound H5:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm):  5.0 singlet (1H),7.7 doublet (2H), 7.26 triplet (2H),7.31 doublet (2H), 6.78 doublet (2H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3167 (NH stretching), 3032 (Ar-H Stretching), 2980 (C=N Stretching), 1601 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (C-H stretching), 1240 (C-O stretching).

 

Compound H6:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm):  5.0 singlet (1H),7.7 doublet (2H), 7.26 triplet (2H),7.41 doublet (2H), 7.33 doublet (2H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3433 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1601 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (CH stretching), 750 (C-Cl stretching).

 

Compound H7:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm):  5.0 singlet (1H),7.7 doublet (2H), 7.26 triplet (2H),7.74 doublet (2H), 8.25 doublet (2H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3167 (NH stretching), 3032 (Ar-H Stretching), 2980 (C=N Stretching), 1601 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (C-H stretching), 1530 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H8:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 5.0 singlet (1H),7.7 doublet (2H), 7.26 triplet (2H),1.54 singlet (1H), 5.8 doublet (1H),5.9 triplet (2H),5.82 triplet (1H), 2.5 singlet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3430 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1600 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching).

 

Compound H9:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 5.0 singlet (1H), 4.0 singlet (1H), 7.7 doublet (2H), 7.26 triplet (2H), 6.5 doublet (1H),6.9 triplet (1H),6.682 triplet (1H), 7.23 doublet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3430 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1600 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching), 3341 (N-H stretching).

 

Compound H10:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 5.0 singlet (1H), 4.0 singlet (1H), 7.7 doublet (2H), 7.26 triplet (2H), 7.23 doublet (2H), 6.52 doublet (2H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3430 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1600 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching), 3345 (N-H stretching). 

 

Compound H11:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),7.48 doublet (2H),7.32 triplet (2H),7.22 triplet (1H),6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H), 4.9 singlet (2H), 6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3232 (N-H Streching), 2988 (Ar-CH Stretching), 1674 (C=C Streching), 1459 (C=N Streching), 2803 (CH stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H12:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),5.1 singlet(OH),6.79 doublet (1H),7.05 triplet (1H),6.88 triplet (1H),7.31 doublet (1H), 4.9 singlet (2H), 6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3178 (NH stretching), 3048 (Ar-H Stretching), 2986 (C=N Stretching), 1602 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching), 1020 (C-O stretching).

 

Compound H13:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),7.33 doublet (1H),7.15 triplet (1H),7.20 triplet (1H),7.41 doublet (1H), 4.9 singlet (2H), 6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3421 (NH stretching), 3056 (Ar-H Stretching), 1602 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching), 750 (C-Cl stretching).

 

Compound H14:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),7.36 doublet (2H),7.12 doublet (2H),2.33 singlet (3H) , 4.9 singlet (2H), 6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H),6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3431 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1602 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (CH stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H15:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),7.31 doublet (2H),6.79 doublet (2H), 5.0 singlet (1H) , 6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H), 4.9 singlet (2H) ,6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3167 (NH stretching), 3032 (Ar-H Stretching), 2980 (C=N Stretching), 1601 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (C-H stretching), 1240 (C-O stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H16:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),7.42 doublet (2H),7.33 doublet (2H) , 4.9 singlet (2H),6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H) ,6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3433 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1601 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (CH stretching), 750 (C-Cl stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).         

 

Compound H17:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),7.74 doublet (2H),8.25 doublet (2H), 4.9 singlet (2H),6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H) ,6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3167 (NH stretching), 3032 (Ar-H Stretching), 2980 (C=N Stretching), 1601 (C-N Stretching), 2800 (C-H stretching), 1530 (C-N stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H18:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),2.53 singlet (3H),2.28 doublet (2H),5.8 doublet (1H) , 5.8 triplet (1H) , 5.9 triplet (2H) ,4.9 singlet (2H),6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H) ,6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3430 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1600 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching) ,2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H19:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),4.0 singlet (2H),6.52 doublet (1H),6.97 triplet (1H) , 6.68 triplet (1H) , 7.23 doublet (2H) ,4.9 singlet (2H),6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H) ,6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3430 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1600 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching), 3341 (N-H stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Compound H20:

¹H NMR Spectra (δ ppm): 7.7 doublet (2H),7.26 triplet (2H),4.0 singlet (2H),7.23 doublet (2H),6.52 doublet (2H) ,4.9 singlet (2H),6.81 doublet (1H),6.50 triplet (1H) ,6.82 triplet (1H),6.6 doublet (1H),4.1 singlet (1H),6.46 doublet (2H),7.01 triplet (2H),6.62 triplet (1H).

IR Spectra (cm^-1): 3430 (NH stretching), 3054 (Ar-H Stretching), 1600 (C=N Stretching), 1418 (C-N Stretching), 2803 (CH stretching), 3345 (N-H stretching), 2230 (C-N stretching).

 

Biological Evaluation of Synthesized Compounds (H11-H20):

Anti-bacterial activity:

In the study of antibacterial activity, all the synthesized compounds could show the activity. Among these the compounds H11 (2 phenyl benzimidazole derivative), H13 (2 phenyl [2-chloro] benzimidazole derivative), H18 (2phenyl [benzyl] benzimidazole derivative), H20 (2phenyl [4-amino] benzimidazole derivative) show maximum significance against all the organisms. But the maximum significance shows against E.Coli and S.Aeroginosa the data given in the Table No-3. Rest of the compounds shows poor to moderate activity when compared to standard drug.

 

Antifungal activity:

From the antifungal data Table No: 3 H11 (2phenylbenzimidazolederivative), H13 (2phenyl [2-chloro] benzimidazole derivative), H17 (2phenyl [4nitro] benzimidazole derivative) and H18 (2phenyl [benzyl] benzimidazole derivative) shown good significant against A.Niger. H19 (2phenyl [2-amino] benzimidazole derivative), H20 (2phenyl [4-amino] benzimidazole derivative) shown poor activity when compared to standard drug. Reaming compounds had shown poor to moderate activity.

 

Fig No 1:  Structures of Synthesized Compounds (from H11 to H20)

Table No-3: Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Synthesized Compounds (H11-20)

Sample Code	*Inhibition zone diameter in cm
	B.Subtilis		Protease		E.Coli		S.Aeroginosa		A.Niger
	100 μg/ml	50 μg/ml	100 mg/ml	50μg/ml	100 mg/ml	50 μg/ml	100 mg/ml	50 μg/ml	100 μg/ml	50 μg/ml
H11	13	10	14	11	18	13	20	12	19	11
H12	13	8	12	13	18	8	19	14	12	10
H13	15	13	16	14	19	14	17	15	23	20
H14	10	8	6	7	10	9	12	10	9	9
H15	14	10	6	9	19	11	13	12	8	7
H16	12	11	10	9	15	12	13	11	7	6
H17	18	14	15	14	16	13	19	15	19	18
H18	10	8	6	4	8	6	13	14	21	20
H19	7	5	11	10	14	9	12	8	6	5
H120	17	15	14	13	19	17	18	16	5	4
Ciprofloxacin	20	19	22	18	19	18	20	21	-	-
Clotrimazole	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	25	23
DMSO	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

*Each value is an average of three independent determinations ± Standard deviation

Note: ‛-’denotes no activity, 4-6 poor activity, 7-9cm moderate activity, 10mm and above 10mm good activity.

 

 

CONCLUSION:

The synthesized compounds from H11 to H20 were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity shown by the compounds inferior to that of standard drug, it is described in respective table, among the synthesized compounds H11, H13, H17, H18 and H20 shown good results in antimicrobial activity. From the results one can establish that the synthesized substituted benzimidazoles derivatives can rich source of exploitation. Therefore, the search of new generation of active compounds, it may worthwhile  to explore the possibility in this area by making or introducing different functional group as  substituted secondary amine moieties or phenyl benzimidazole moiety which may result in better pharmacological agents with higher potency.

 

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Received on 11.02.2018       Accepted on 16.04.2018

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